Ultrasensitive chemiluminescence assay for cimetidine detection based on the synergistic improving effect of Au nanoclusters and graphene quantum dots

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Abstract
A novel and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) procedure based on the synergetic catalytic effects of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was developed for the reliable measurement of cimetidine (CM). The initial experiments showed that the KMnO4‐based oxidation of alkaline rhodamine B (RhoB) generated a very weak CL emission, which was intensively enhanced in the simultaneous presence of Au NCs and GQDs. CL intermediates can be adsorbed and gathered on the surface of Au NCs, becoming more stable. GQDs participate in the energy transferring processes and facilitate them. These improving effects were simultaneously obtained by adding both Au NCs and GQDs into the RhoB‐KMnO4 reaction. Consequently, the increasing effect of the Au NCs/GQDs mixture was more than that of pure Au NCs or GQDs, and a new nano‐assisted powerful CL system was achieved. Furthermore, a marked quenching in the emission of the introduced CL system was observed in the presence of CM, so the system was examined to design a sensitive sensor for CM. After optimization of influencing parameters, the linear lessening in CL emission intensity of KMnO4‐RhoB‐Au NCs/GQDs was verified for CM concentrations in the range 0.8–200 ng ml−1. The limit of detection (3Sb/m) was 0.3 ng ml−1. Despite being a simple CL method, good sensitivity was obtained for CM detection with reliable results for CM determination in human urine samples.

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