Abstract
This article argues that schools are political as well as educational institutions. It examines the nature of political learning in three different contexts — political indoctrination, political socialisation and political education. It provides international examples of the ways in which political learning takes place in all three contexts and suggests that genuinely open and democratic political education is not very common, often even in those countries that term themselves democracies. Taught courses of politics in three different national and ideological contexts are compared to illustrate the distinction between political socialisation and political education.

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