Comparative Outcomes of Tunneled and Non‐Tunneled Catheters as Bridge to Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

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Abstract
Background: This study compares the outcomes of tunneled catheters (TCs) and non‐tunneled catheters (NTCs) in incident hemodialysis patients undergoing early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation.Methods: Adult incident ESKD patients were randomized in two catheter groups (TC and NTC) for hemodialysis initiation and were followed for 12 weeks from March 2021 in a 3‐year study period. Catheter salvage was attempted in both the groups until AVF maturation in cases of catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) or mechanical dysfunction. Catheter insertion and removal dates, infection episodes, and mechanical dysfunction events were recorded. CRBSI rates, dysfunction rates, and catheter survival were compared.Results: A total of 133 patients were randomized into TC (65) and NTC (68) groups. Seventy‐six patients developed symptoms of CRBSI, of whom eight patients required catheter removal (TC: 2, NTC: 6). CRBSI episodes per 1000 catheter days were 15.14 for TCs and 16.85 for NTCs, but mechanical dysfunction rates were 0.96 and 1.68, respectively. By 6 weeks, one catheter was removed in the TC group (AVF maturation), and eight in the NTC group were removed (four due to AVF maturation, three due to CRBSI, and one due to mechanical dysfunction). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly longer catheter survival for TCs compared to NTCs (66.9 vs. 57.9 days, p = 0.001).Conclusion: CRBSI rates and catheter patency were comparable between TCs and NTCs at 6 weeks, but TCs demonstrated better survival beyond this period. When early AVF creation is ensured, NTCs may serve as a viable short‐term vascular access option, particularly in resource‐limited settings.

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