Preliminary Study to Explore the Immune-Enhancement Mechanism of Platycodon grandiflorus Extract through Comparative Transcriptome Analysis

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Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus has huge potential medicinal applications in different diseases and immune enhancement (IE). In the past, limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular mechanism behind IE of Platycodon grandiflorus extract (PGE) despite the fact that IE can be one of the important factors for application of PGE in different diseases including cancer. In this study, whole transcriptome expression and subsequent analysis in PGE treated/untreated organisms were carried out to explore the molecular mechanism behind IE, and subsequently anticancer effect. Current study has the possibility of interaction of PGE treatment with diet, so further study is required to validate the results. The immunity-related genes were found to be up-regulated in the differential expression analysis, which is in line with the IE potential of PGE and the literature. Similarly, Siglec-15, the immune-suppressor gene that has recently been suggested as the normalization target in cancer, was one of the most down-regulated genes. In a set analysis with immune-suppressor genes, the high number of immune-suppressor genes were found to be down-regulated, which indicated that down-regulation of immune-suppressor genes can be the major mechanism behind the IE in PGE treatment. Identified genes, important in immunity and cancer, are highly recommended for anticancer and IE targets in future studies.
Funding Information
  • Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Sciences and Technology Development Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea and Gachon University (PJ01381002 and GCU-2019-0389)

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