Progressive Adaptation of Large Language Models for Multilingual Text Ranking

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Abstract
Despite increasing research attention to text ranking, most studies focus on monolingual scenarios, with a particular emphasis on English-language contexts. This narrow focus limits the applicability of ranking models in cross-lingual contexts, such as ranking Chinese documents based on English queries. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly reduced inter-language barriers through pre-training on extensive multilingual corpora, thus facilitating the study of multilingual text ranking (MTR). In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs in MTR tasks. Specifically, we first introduce an MTR benchmark encompassing both monolingual and cross-lingual scenarios. Then, we propose a two-stage training pipeline to alleviate the misalignment between LLMs and text ranking. Lastly, we adapt this training pipeline to multilingual scenarios from the perspective of training data and methods. Our experiments on the MTR benchmark demonstrate that the proposed multilingual two-stage training pipeline significantly improves LLM ranking performance in both monolingual and cross-lingual scenarios, particularly in out-domain settings. We complement these findings with a thorough analysis to deepen the understanding of our approach.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62476070)
  • Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20241202123503005, GXWD20231128103232001, ZDSYS20230626091203008, and KQTD20240729102154066)
  • Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong (2024A1515011540)

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