Molecular Immune Targeted Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment
Open Access
- 1 January 2022
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ivyspring International Publisher in Nanotheranostics
- Vol. 6 (3) , 286-305
Abstract
Novel targeted therapies are rapidly emerging for the treatment of cancer. With the advent of new immune targeting agents, understanding the changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical. Given the complexity and several cellular mechanisms and factors that play a role in the TME, novel imaging methods to assess and evaluate the dynamic changes in the TME during treatment are needed. Several techniques are being developed for imaging TME including optical, fluorescence and photoacoustic methods. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to track the dynamics of different molecular targets in the TME in live animals and in humans. Several novel PET imaging probes including radiolabeled antibodies, antibody fragments, and small molecules have been developed with many more that are under development preclinically and in early human studies. This review is a brief overview of some of the PET agents that are either in the preclinical developmental phase or undergoing early clinical studies.Keywords
This publication has 105 references indexed in Scilit:
- The prognostic influence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysisBritish Journal of Cancer, 2011
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesisNature, 2011
- Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of novel PET probes targeting the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathwayEuropean Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2010
- Adnectins: engineered target-binding protein therapeuticsProtein Engineering, Design and Selection, 2010
- A molecularly engineered split reporter for imaging protein-protein interactions with positron emission tomographyNature Medicine, 2010
- Synthesis and Optimization of the Labeling Procedure of 99mTc-Hynic-Interleukin-2 for In vivo Imaging of Activated T lymphocytesMolecular Imaging and Biology, 2009
- Noninvasive detection of therapeutic cytolytic T cells with 18F–FHBG PET in a patient with gliomaNature Clinical Practice Oncology, 2008
- Carbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living miceNature Nanotechnology, 2008
- Molecular imaging of lymphoid organs and immune activation by positron emission tomography with a new [18F]-labeled 2′-deoxycytidine analogNature Medicine, 2008
- Cytokines in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapyNature Reviews Cancer, 2004