Micro-invasive probes for monitoring electrical and chemical neural activity in nonhuman primates

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Abstract
We leveraged carbon fiber materials for creating sensors that provide dual neurochemical and electrical neural activity recording at micro-invasive (10 µm) spatial footprints proximal to recording sites, and enabling these measurements from deep brain targets of primates with conventional cranial chambers. These shaft-assisted micro-invasive probes (s-µIPs) are approximately 10 µm in diameter along the distal length (1 – 15 mm) immediately surrounding the targeted recording site. This micro-invasive portion ensures that the recording site is isolated from tissue damage induced by the wider shaft portion of the device. The shaft (150 – 165 µm in diameter) within the device stiffens the remaining length of the probe (> 100 mm), and provides compatibility with standard intracranial insertion protocols (e.g., guide tubes and chamber setups) that require a sufficiently rigid and long shaft for deep brain insertion in monkeys. The s-µIP was further expanded to provide dual-channel chemical and electrical neural activity recording with micrometer spatial resolution. Measurements of reward- and movement-related dopamine, spikes, and local field potentials were made from single and dual-channel s-µIPs implanted in task-performing monkeys. Recordings from chronically implanted s-µIPs display the capability of functional multi-modal (chemical and electrical) neural activity measurements over 1-year post-implantation from micro-invasive devices.
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