Quantum confinement vs. mesoporosity in SnO 2 : oxygen vacancies dictate dominant formate selectivity in hybrid CO 2 electrolysis with unprecedented 480 mV energy savings
Authors:
- 11 February 2026
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- Vol. 14 (21) , 13095-13107
Abstract
Hybrid co-electrolysis integrates CO 2 reduction with biomass oxidation for efficient formic acid production. Surface-engineered SnO 2 nanoflowers enhance charge transfer, selectivity, and sustainable carbon valorization using earth-abundant catalyst.Keywords
Funding Information
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (31/0019(23673)/2025-EMR-I)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (IFA20-CH-349)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST/INSPIRE/04/2020/001227)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST/INSPIRE/04/2020/000216)
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