Enhanced Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Anodic Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays

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Abstract
This paper concerns the microstructure of the anodic titanium oxide (ATO, TiO2TiO2 ) nanotube (NT) and its use for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. The ATO length was controlled by various electrolytes and anodic time at various constant applied voltages. The lengths of the NTs at 0.3–0.5 and 0.9–22μm0.9–22μm were controlled by 0.5vol%0.5vol% HF and 0.58wt%0.58wt% KF aqueous solutions for varied periods of anodization (1–24h)(1–24h) . The 0.5wt%0.5wt% NH4FNH4F electrolyte in ethylene glycol can produce 4–41μm4–41μm for varied periods of anodization (0.5–8h)(0.5–8h) . ATO made of 0.3 ( 0.5vol%0.5vol% HF), 12 ( 0.5wt%0.5wt% KF), and 18μm18μm ( 0.5wt%0.5wt% NH4FNH4F ) was used for the DSSC anode; the best cell performance attained 0.13, 3.76, and 6.18%. The DSSC made of 18μm18μm ATO has a short-circuit current density (Jsc)(Jsc) of 13.45mA∕cm213.45mA∕cm2 , a fill factor of 0.64, an open voltage (Voc)(Voc) of 0.72V0.72V , and a photocurrent efficiency of 6.18% under an air mass 1.5 illumination test.

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