Asthma score: predictive ability and risk factors

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Abstract
Background: Definition of asthma as a continuous score is a promising tool for population studies that has not yet been fully evaluated.Objective: We assessed (i) the predictive ability of an asthma score against the occurrence of different asthma‐related outcomes and (ii) the risk factors identified when using an asthma score.Methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Study II included subjects from the general population randomly studied during 1991–1993 who were followed up in the years 1998–2001, from 29 centres in 14 countries. A total of 8956 subjects were included. The asthma score consisted of a simple sum of the positive answers to five respiratory symptoms.Results: Asthma score at baseline showed a linear relationship with incidence of asthma, the occurrence of asthma attacks, use of asthma medication and bronchial reactivity at the end of the follow‐up. Asthma score at the end of follow‐up was associated with known risk factors at baseline such as IgE to grass, rhinitis or body mass index, in addition to passive smoking in men [average score ratio (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.50] or changes in body mass index (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.05–1.27, per each kg/m2).Conclusion: The asthma score had good predictive ability against outcomes related with asthma and also good ability to detect risk factors. This encourages the use of the score as a measure of asthma in epidemiological studies on aetiology of asthma.

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