Dynamics of Genuine Tripartite GHZ‐Type Entanglement in Photonic Systems under Markovian and Non‐Markovian Dephasing Noise

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Abstract
Quantum entanglement enables advanced quantum technologies, including secure communication and quantum computing. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of GHZ‐type entangled states in a three‐photon system subjected to pure environmental dephasing noise. We distinguish between Markovian regimes, characterized by memoryless decay, and non‐Markovian regimes, where environmental memory effects induce information backflow and can generate revivals of non‐separable quantum correlations. Employing genuine multipartite concurrence to quantify genuine tripartite entanglement and quantum mutual information to evaluate total correlations, we analyze the evolution of these quantum resources under symmetric and asymmetric photon‐environment couplings. Key tunable parameters – including the relative weighting of the two peaks in the double‐Gaussian environmental frequency profile, refractive index difference, spectral width, and overall frequency distribution – are explored within experimentally realistic ranges achievable with photonic platforms such as Fabry–Pérot cavities. Our results provide that non‐Markovian environments substantially enhance the robustness of entanglement, exhibiting prominent oscillatory revivals under symmetric peak weightings, whereas more asymmetric configurations result in faster monotonic decay. These findings propose practical strategies, such as optimized cavity configurations, to suppress decoherence and prolong the lifetime of multipartite quantum correlations, thereby supporting the development of more resilient photonic quantum states for quantum technologies.

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