Cytogenetics of secondary myelodysplasia (sMDS) and acute nonlymphocvtic leukemia (sANLL)

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Abstract
76 cases of secondary myelodysplasia (sMDS) and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (sANLL) were cytogenetically analyzed. Among the 36 sMDS patients, 13 (36%) had only normal karyotypes whereas 23 (64%) displayed clonal chromosomal abnormalities. The most common aberrations were −7, 5q-, −5, and +8. In 10 patients (43% of the cytogenetically aberrant cases), clones with only one anomaly, mostly 5q −or − 7, were found. Of the 40 sANLL patients, normal karyotypes were detected in 10 (25%). Among the 30 (75%) abnormal cases, the most frequent aberrations were −7, −5, +8, 7q-, − 17, and +21. 12 patients (40%) had clones with single abnormalities, most often − 7. In 4 sANLL patients cytogenetically unrelated clones were detected. A survey of all previously published secondary hematologic neoplasias reveals that the most frequent abnormalities in sMDS are −7 (41%), 5q- (28%), and − 5 (11x), followed by der(21q), + 8, 7q-, der(12p), t(1;7), − 12, − 17, der(17p), der(3p), der(6p), and − 18. Clones with single aberrations have been found in 45 % of the cases and cytogenetically unrelated clones have been described in 6%. The most common abnormalities in sANLL are −7 (38%), 5q- (17%), −5 (15%), +8 (13%), and − 17 (llx), followed by der(3q), der(11q), der(12p), −21, 7q-, − 18, der(3p), der(17p), +21, der(21q), der(6p), and − 16. 38% of the sANLL patients have had clones with only one aberration and 3% have had unrelated clones. The frequencies of these nonrandom abnormalities in sMDS and sANLL are thus remarkably similar - the only exception appears to be 5q -, which is more common in sMDS. Also the mean number of abnormalities per case is similar − 5.3 in sMDS and 5.6 in sANLL. When the incidences of characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities were correlated with the type of previous therapy, − 7 was found to be more frequent in sMDS and sANLL patients who had been exposed to chemotherapy whereas 5q -was associated with previous exposure to ionizing radiation in sMDS patients.

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