The antimicrobial potential of plant-based natural dyes for textile dyeing: A systematic review using prisma

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Abstract
Dyeing plays a vital role in the textile industry, however, associated health and environmental issues have raised significant concerns regarding the types of dyes used. Among these, natural dyes, particularly those derived from plants, exhibit superior safety and environmental performance, making them a more sustainable alternative. Moreover, fabrics dyed with plant dyes can acquire diverse functional properties, including antimicrobial characteristics, attributed to various active ingredients present in plants during the dyeing process. With increasing environmental consciousness and the rising demand for functional fabrics, natural plant dyes have garnered growing attention. In our research, a systemic review of the antimicrobial properties of plant dyes in the textile field was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. A literature search was executed through the PubMed and Web of Science databases, from which 132 articles were selected. The results indicate that the overall number of publications in this field is on the rise, especially showing a significant increase in the past 7 years, demonstrating substantial research value and potential. Furthermore, this study conducted an analysis of the content included in the literature, summarizing the different standards and characteristics of antimicrobial testing, with a focus on revealing the antimicrobial mechanisms of plant dyes. It also discussed the mordants and other treatment methods that can effectively enhance the antimicrobial properties of plant dyeing. Building on this foundation, this review discusses the advantages, application potential, and future research directions of antimicrobial natural dyes derived from plants. Through this review, relevant researchers can gain a clearer understanding of the current state and development trends of plant-based natural dyes in terms of antimicrobial properties, thereby promoting further exploration in this field.

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