Solvent extraction used in industrial separation of rare earths

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Abstract
The total reflux method as applied to the separation of rare earth elements is outlined with reference to extractants Versatic 911, tributyl phosphate and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid. Industrial solvent extraction processes are described for the production of pure compounds of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium and yttrium.

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