A New Perspective on Electrochemistry at The ITIES - Combining μITIES and Confocal Microscopy Using a Gelled Organic Phase in a Glass Membrane
Open Access
- 12 November 2026
- journal article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Analytical Chemistry
Abstract
Ion transfer voltammetry using arrays of micro-interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES) has emerged as a promising tool for analysis of environmental samples. Here we show that using a gelled organic phase, we can combine μITIES electrochemistry with ex situ techniques, such as confocal fluorescence microscopy. By investigating the transfer of the ionized fluorophore fluorescein, we can use fluorescence confocal microscopy to evaluate the distribution of ions in the organic phase after transfer. We show that the concentration of the fluorophore close to the ITIES after transfer using a constant applied potential is substantially higher than in the aqueous phase, even after a short transfer period. This demonstrates that the use of a high-viscosity organic phase is very promising for analysis and also allows for the combination of ITIES electrochemistry with an array of ex situ measurement techniques.Funding Information
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/41/B/ST4/01324)
This publication has 63 references indexed in Scilit:
- Transfer of highly hydrophilic ions between immiscible liquids at the three-phase junction using a squaramide-based ion pair receptorElectrochimica Acta, 2025
- Interfacial polycondensation of polyamides studied at the electrified liquid-liquid interfaceElectrochimica Acta, 2023
- Phase transfer mechanisms of fluorophore-labeled cell-penetrating peptide ε-poly-l-α-lysine at liquid|liquid interfacesElectrochimica Acta, 2023
- Unraveling the Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Iron(III) meso‐tetra‐(4‐N‐Methyl‐pyridyl) Porphine at the Liquid/Liquid InterfaceChemElectroChem, 2016
- Particle deposition and catalysis at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES): A mini-reviewElectrochemistry Communications, 2014
- Electrochemical behaviour of denatured haemoglobin at the liquid|liquid interfaceElectrochemistry Communications, 2010
- Spectroelectrochemistry at the liquid|liquid interface: Parallel beam UV–vis absorptionElectrochimica Acta, 2009
- Investigation of the kinetics of ion and assisted ion transfer by the technique of ac impedance of the micro-itiesElectrochimica Acta, 1995
- The potential dependence of the rate of ion transfer reactions across a liquid/liquid interfaceJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1988
- Ion transfer reactions across a liquid—liquid interface supported on a micropipette tipJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1986