The indonesian intergenerational co-residence scale for adult children: development and validation

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Abstract
Approximately 70% of older adults in Indonesia live in multigenerational households with their adult children, yet little is known about how adult children experience co-residence. This study developed and validated the Indonesian Intergenerational Co-Residence Scale for Adult Children (IICS-AC), addressing the absence of instruments that systematically capture these experiences. Item generation drew on a systematic review and in-depth interviews with 30 adult children, followed by expert evaluation through the Delphi method. Data were collected from 408 adult children across 25 provinces and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results supported a refined four-factor, 31-item structure: filial responsibility, parent-child relationship, marital status, and financial circumstances, with acceptable model fit indices (RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.918, TLI = 0.911, SRMR = 0.046). The four-factor structure was further supported by comparison against alternative one-factor and higher-order models. Subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency, although test-retest analysis indicated weaker temporal stability over a one-month interval. Initial validity evidence was obtained through convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity analyses, with the total score showing positive correlations with life satisfaction and negative correlations with depression. The IICS-AC offers a contextually relevant tool for assessing adult children’s experiences of intergenerational co-residence in Indonesia, with potential applications for research, practice, and policy, while further work is needed to establish its stability over time.
Funding Information
  • University of Queensland

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