Association of Improved Periconception Hemoglobin A1c With Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Diabetes

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Abstract
Among women with prepregnancy diabetes , serum glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provides a measure of mean blood glucose control over the preceding 90 days.1 Women with diabetes and an elevated preconception HbA1c are at higher risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM),2 and their infants are more prone to congenital anomalies,3,4 especially cardiac malformations,5 as well as preterm birth and death.6

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