Targeting Prostate Cancer with Lipid Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Current Advances and Future Prospects

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Abstract
A key characteristic of prostate cancer (PCa) is the age-correlated rise in 5α-reductase conversion of testosterone to highly active DiHydroTestosterone (DHT). DHT stimulates the uncontrolled growth of prostate gland cells by binding to androgenic receptors. For its management, a variety of treatment approaches have been devised, from surgical treatments to herbal remedies, including chemotherapeutic drugs, which are thought to be the most prevalent form of management. Chemotherapeutic agent administration has demonstrated a number of limitations, chief among them being tissue resistance and non-selectivity, which can be addressed by incorporating the agents into a variety of nanocarriers. Nanotechnology, a fast evolving field, has demonstrated great potential for the creation of innovative medications and diagnostic instruments for a variety of diseases, including cancer. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the most popular nano-transporters, have several benefits due to their controlled drug release patterns, low toxicity, and excellent compatibility with biological systems. Many medications that are included into LNPs can have their safety, stability, and solubility significantly enhanced. Recent research has used lipid nano-capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and other LNPs. The most popular treatment choices for PCa are discussed in this narrative overview, along with the many lipid nanoparticles and how they were developed. There is also literature-based support for PCa management medications that were successfully incorporated into lipid nanoparticles.

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