The Political Economy of Social Production Companies in Venezuela
- 11 February 2013
- journal article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Latin American Perspectives
- Vol. 40 (3) , 146-168
Abstract
In 2005, shortly after the Venezuelan government declared “twenty-first-century socialism” as its development goal, Chávez launched “social production companies” to change the way communities produced and exchanged goods. Investigation of the relationship between these companies, agrarian cooperatives, and the oil economy calls into question assessments by both the right and the left, the former portraying Venezuelan development initiatives as populist profligacy and the latter seeing them as a socialist alternative to neoliberal hegemony. An analytical focus upon ground rent and the way it is distributed through the social production companies that draws upon insights from the Marxian critique of political economy provides an original window onto the contradictions and limits of the Chávez government’s development policies. Three case studies suggest that social production companies and their links with small agrarian cooperatives are reproducing a limited and ground-rent-dependent form of capital accumulation that, coupled with the ideology of popular power, is being presented as a step toward twenty-first-century socialism. En 2005, poco después de que el gobierno venezolano declarara el “socialismo del siglo veintiuno” como su objetivo de desarrollo, Chávez lanzó las “empresas de producción social” para cambiar la forma en que las comunidades producían e intercambiaban bienes. Una investigación de la relación entre estas empresas, las cooperativas agrarias, y la economía petrolera pone en tela de juicio las evaluaciones tanto de la derecha como la izquierda, la primera representando las iniciativas del desarrollo venezolano como derroche populista y la segunda viéndolas como la alternativa socialista a la hegemonía neoliberal. Un enfoque analítico sobre la renta de la tierra y su distribución por medio de las empresas de producción social que se fundamenta en la critica marxiana de la economía política ofrece una ventana original hacia las contradicciones y límites de la política de desarrollo chavista. Tres estudios de caso sugieren que las empresas de producción social y sus vínculos con pequeñas cooperativas agrícolas están reproduciendo una forma de acumulación de capital limitada y dependiente de la renta de la tierra, la cual, junta con la ideología de poder popular, se está presentando como un paso hacia el socialismo del siglo veintiuno.Keywords
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