Obesity Related Inflammatory Markers in the Elderly Population: A Narrative Review

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Abstract
Obesity in elderly individuals is associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, indicating a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which has been recently termed as inflammaging and adipaging. Several studies have demonstrated this relationship: Overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly individuals show elevated levels of inflammatory markers like CXCL-16, IL-6, and adipokines compared to normal-weight counterparts. These markers positively correlate with anthropometric parameters indicating increased cardiovascular risk. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels increase progressively with higher obesity classes in the general population, including the elderly . For instance, CRP levels nearly double with each increase in weight class compared to normal weight individuals. Additionally, the presence of obesity-related comorbidities like hypertension or diabetes further elevates these inflammatory markers. In conclusion, obesity in the elderly is characterized by elevated levels of various inflammatory biomarkers, reflecting a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This inflammatory state may contribute to the development of obesity-related comorbidities. The clarification of the complementary or independent role of these biomarkers in aging and obesity could lead to targeted therapeutic interventions in this vulnerable population group.
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