Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Teen Self-Report on Health Behaviors and Social-Emotional Wellbeing: United States, July 2021–December 2022

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Abstract
Objective: Promoting health during adolescence can support long-term well-being, especially for teens diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who face increased risks due to the disorder's impact on development and health behaviors. ADHD is often associated with difficulties in social interactions, a higher likelihood of bullying involvement, and co-occurring mental health conditions. These factors may also be influenced by health factors such as physical activity, sleep quality, and screen time usage. Nationally representative teen self-reports provide a novel perspective on ADHD-related health outcomes compared with relying on parent reports. Method: We used nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and NHIS-Teen from July 2021 to December 2022, to examine teen-reported health and well-being factors, stratified by parent-reported ADHD diagnoses among teens aged 12 to 17 years. Weighted prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) adjusting for teen age, sex, and family income, all with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. Results: Just over 10% of teens had ADHD and they reported higher prevalence of bullying victimization (aPR = 1.64, CI = 1.27–2.11), difficulties making friends (aPR = 1.83, CI = 1.15–2.90), difficulty getting out of bed (aPR = 1.29, CI = 1.02–1.64), irregular wake times (aPR = 2.17, CI = 1.45–3.25), and >4 hours daily screen time (aPR = 1.26, CI = 1.05–1.52) than teens without ADHD; teens with ADHD reported a lower prevalence of lacking peer support (aPR = 0.70, CI = 0.51–0.96). Conclusion: Teens with ADHD face distinct challenges related to social-emotional well-being and health behaviors that support overall wellness. Findings may inform opportunities for health promotion among teens with ADHD.

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