Deep Learning Based Detection Tool for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Teeth

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Abstract
Third molar impacted teeth are a common issue with all ages, possibly causing tooth decay, root resorption, and pain. This study was aimed at developing a computer-assisted detection system based on deep convolutional neural networks for the detection of third molar impacted teeth using different architectures and to evaluate the potential usefulness and accuracy of the proposed solutions on panoramic radiographs. A total of 440 panoramic radiographs from 300 patients were randomly divided. As a two-stage technique, Faster RCNN with ResNet50, AlexNet, and VGG16 as a backbone and one-stage technique YOLOv3 were used. The Faster-RCNN, as a detector, yielded a mAP@0.5 rate of 0.91 with ResNet50 backbone while VGG16 and AlexNet showed slightly lower performances: 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The other detector, YOLO v3, provided the highest detection efficacy with a mAP@0.5 of 0.96. Recall and precision were 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, which supported its high performance. Considering the findings from different architectures, it was seen that the proposed one-stage detector YOLOv3 had excellent performance for impacted mandibular third molar tooth detection on panoramic radiographs. Promising results showed that diagnostic tools based on state-ofthe-art deep learning models were reliable and robust for clinical decision-making.

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