Extracellular Vesicles with Possible Roles in Gut Intestinal Tract Homeostasis and IBD

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Abstract
The intestinal tract consists of various types of cells, such as epithelial cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, which constitute the intestinal immune system and play a significant role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by producing antimicrobial materials and controlling the host-commensal balance. Various studies have found that the dysfunction of intestinal homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a novel mediator, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as effective communicators, not only between cells but also between cells and the organism. In recent years, EVs have been regarded as vital characters for dysregulated homeostasis and IBD in either the etiology or the pathology of intestinal inflammation. Here, we review recent studies on EVs associated with intestinal homeostasis and IBD and discuss their source, cargo, and origin, as well as their therapeutic effects on IBD, which mainly include artificial nanoparticles and EVs derived from microorganisms.
Funding Information
  • Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong New Area (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • Technical Research and Development Project of Shenzhen (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • Technical Research and Development Project of Shenzhen (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • Three Engineering Training Funds in Shenzhen (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • Shanghai Education Development Foundation (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • National Key R&D Program of China (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)
  • National Key R&D Program of China (PKJ2016-Y15, JCYJ20170307100538697, JCYJ20150403101028164, SYLY201718, 19SG30, 81800489, 81873546, 81670473, 2018YFC1313103, 2017YFC1308800)

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