Myelodysplastic syndrome patients display alterations in their immune status reflected by increased PD‐L1‐expressing stem cells and highly dynamic exhausted T‐cell frequencies

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Abstract
Summary: Little data are available for the expression of immune checkpoint (IC) molecules within myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we report increased PD‐L1+CD34+CD38− and PD‐L1+CD34+CD38+ stem cell frequencies within MDS patients compared to stem cell recipients in remission. Additionally, we observed exceedingly similar PD1+ and Tim‐3+ T‐cell frequencies between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and MDS samples that were elevated compared to patients in remission. Furthermore, we found highly dynamic Tim‐3+ and PD1+ T‐cell frequencies within serial samples of relapsing MDS with excess blasts (MDS‐EB II) patients, correlating with further disease markers. These findings support the idea of a potential successful implementation of IC inhibitor treatment in suitable MDS patients.

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