Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with zinc and crude oil using Ocimum gratissimum (L.) in association with Pseudomonas putida MU02

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Abstract
Soil adulteration by organic and inorganic contaminants chiefly in industrial and agricultural area is one of the major problems faced by the world today. Phytoremediation using aromatic plant such as Ocimum is a sound, economically reasonable and an eco-friendly approach. Besides, microbial assisted phytoremediation can bring about plant-promoted microbial degradation, plant uptake and phytodegradation of soil contaminants. In this study, the ability of Ocimum gratissimum in association with Pseudomonas putida MU02 to remediate zinc and crude oil contaminated soil (2,000 mg/kg, 1% w w−1 crude oil) was investigated in a 60-day pot experiment. Four different treatments and a control (clean soil + plant) were employed for the study: co-contaminated soil only; co-contaminated soil with O. gratissimum; co-contaminated with P. putida inoculum; co-contaminated soil with O. gratissimum and P. putida. Comparatively, the highest TPH deduction efficiency (75.87%) was shown by the treatment comprising of O. gratissimum and P. putida while highest metal uptake was shown by the treatment with plant only. Better TPH removal associated with higher number of bacteria in the vegetated and inoculated pots could be attributed to the rhizopheric effect of the plants. Altogether, the association of O. gratissimum with P. putida can be a potential candidate for the remediation of co-contaminated soil.
Funding Information
  • Faculty of Science
  • the Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology
  • Thailand International Cooperation Agency

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