Identification and Characterization of Small Open Reading Frames in the Genome of Soybean Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

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Abstract
Small open reading frames (sORFs) encoded by plant viruses play critical roles in viral infection. Soybean yellow leaf curl virus (SbYLCV) is a novel monopartite geminivirus causing substantial yield losses in soybean cultivation. In this study, we identified eleven sORFs (designated ORF1-ORF11) in the soybean yellow leaf curl virus (SbYLCV) genome, each predicted to encode peptides ranging from 25 to 100 amino acids. Functional assays revealed that six of these sORFs (ORF2, ORF3, ORF8, ORF9, ORF10, and ORF11) significantly enhanced the pathogenicity of potato virus X. Further analyses demonstrated that the putative proteins encoded by these sORFs exhibit distinct subcellular localization patterns and variable capacities to suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing. Collectively, these results advance our understanding of SbYLCV pathogenesis and offer candidate targets for the development of antiviral strategies against this virus.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1401000)
  • Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ZDRW202504)

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