Effects of silanization and hybrid nanofillers of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of epoxy/dicyandiamide/carbon fiber composites

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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the silanization of multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates and their hybrid on the mechanical properties of epoxy/dicyandiamide (DICY)/carbon fiber (CF) composites. The silanized CNT (S-CNT) and GO (S-GO) were synthesized by refluxing (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane in 97% ethanol. The silane grafting on CNT and GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The nanocomposites' transverse tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were characterized. The transverse tensile and flexural strengths of the S-CNT0.5/epoxy/DICY/CF composite were 18% and 27% greater than those of the neat composite. Moreover, enhancements of approximately 34% and 39% were observed in the flexural moduli of the 0.5 wt.% S-CNT and S-GO filled samples, respectively. The tensile and flexural moduli of CF nanocomposite containing the hybrid of S-CNT-GO0.5 was enhanced by 31% and 45%, respectively. The evaluation of the tensile fracture surface of the samples revealed that the incorporation of GO and S-GO improved the CF‒epoxy interfacial bonding. The transverse interlaminar shear strength of the 0.5wt% S-CNT, S-GO, and S-CNT-GO hybrid-filled composites were enhanced by 18%, 10%, and 25%, respectively.

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