Supportive Care: Low Cost, High Value

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Abstract
Supportive care aims to prevent and manage adverse effects of cancer and its treatment across the entire disease continuum. Research and clinical experience in dedicated centers have demonstrated that early appropriate supportive care interventions improve symptoms, quality of life, and overall survival in a cost-effective manner. The challenge is to assess symptoms and needs with validated tools regularly and, ideally, between clinic appointments; electronic patient-reported outcome measures and dedicated easily accessible supportive care units can help. As management of certain problems improves, others come to the fore. Cancer-related fatigue and malnutrition are very frequent and need regular screening, assessment of treatable causes, and early intervention to improve. Pharmacologic agents and phytopharmaceuticals are of little use, but other interventions are valuable: physical exercise, counseling on fatigue, and cognitive behavioral therapy/mind-body interventions (e.g., for fatigue). Nutrition should be oral, rich in proteins, and accompanied by muscle training adapted to the patient’s condition. Psychological and societal counseling is often useful; nausea or other problems such as gastrointestinal dysmotility or metabolic derangements must be tackled. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy frequently worsens quality of life and has no established prevention strategy (notwithstanding current interest in cryotherapy and compression therapy) and thus requires careful assessment of patient predisposition to develop it with the consideration of feasible dose and treatment alternatives. When painful, duloxetine helps. Nonpharmacologic strategies, including acupuncture, physical exercise, cryotherapy/compression, and scrambler therapy, are promising but require large phase III trials to become the accepted standard. Personalization of chemotherapy, dependent on realistic goals, is key.

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