Structure of ferroelectric materials for power transducers

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Abstract
The main characteristics of ferroelectric compositions well suited to power transducers are: The materials generally used are PZT compositions with oxygen vacancies produced by a lower valenced ions substitution in B cationic site. The new PZT compositions we have developed are based on: The electromechanical characteristics of these materials are given and compared with standard “hard” piezoceramics: An interpretation is given taking into account a compensation of the change of the oxidation state of manganese during cooling by a change of the valency of the substituted ions.