Synthesis of (V 0.2 Cr 0.8 ) 2 (Ga 0.5 Ge 0.5 )(C 0.6 N 0.4 ), a Triple-Site Solid Solution MAX Phase

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Abstract
MAX phases are an extremely versatile family of layered compounds that usually consist of an early to-mid transition metal (M-element), a main group element (mainly groups 13-15) or late transition metal (A-element) and carbon and/or nitrogen (X-element). It is therefore not too surprising that in addition to the roughly 70 compounds with 211 stoichiometry, there exist many solid solutions with mixed elements on the M- and A-site, respectively. Much less common are solid solution phases with mixed elements on both M- and A-site simultaneously (double-site solid solutions), as well as solid solutions on the X-site (carbonitride MAX phases). Challenging these restrictions in the chemical composition space, we present here for the first time (V0.2Cr0.8)2(Ga0.5Ge0.5)(C0.6N0.4) as a new carbonitride member of the MAX phase family, containing solid solutions on all three lattice sites simultaneously. This triple-site solid solution MAX phase is synthesized by high-temperature solid-state methods, and we demonstrate that it is possible to use two different nitrogen-containing precursors (VN and Cr2N), respectively. Structure, morphology and chemical composition are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES).
Funding Information
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (405553726)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (501386284)
  • H2020 European Research Council (101088712)
  • H2020 European Research Council (101189511)
  • Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju (LIDER XII LIDER/8/0055/L-12/20/NCBR/2021)
  • National Science Center Poland (SONATA BIS 14 2024/54/E/ST11/00171)

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