High-Fidelity Averaged Model of Grid-Following Inverter for Stability Analysis Considering the PLL Influence

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Abstract
The grid share of renewable generation plants is increasing compared to conventional plants. The grid system is being affected by this transition, changing from a centralized synchronous generation to a distributed generation system where the grid connection is based on power inverters. Additionally, next-generation power networks are expected to be based on hybrid power plants consisting of different renewable plants working together, that is, different power inverters interconnected with each other. As maintaining secure operating conditions in the grid is a requirement, there is a pressing need to analyze the interaction between power inverters, which can lead to system instabilities. Therefore, this type of stability analysis requires models with a compromise in fidelity and computational cost. Power inverters have non-linear behaviour and thus, the existing literature focuses on two different implementations. Electromagnetic transient models (EMT) considering the switching components (SW), accurate models with a large computational cost, impractical for this type of analysis where a high number of inverters, parallelly coupled, are simulated. And, conversely, EMT averaged (AV) models with reduced simulation time but incapable of showing the stability limit of a real inverter due to the ideal implementation they are currently based on. However, this paper shows that AV models based on the fundamental control loops of a traditional grid-following (GFL) inverter free of idealizations, are representative of a real inverter when analyzing its stability, becoming a good choice to study multiple inverters interactions.

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