This chapter describes Short’s relationship with French aristocrat Duchess Rosalie de La Rochefoucauld, which was, from 1795, open knowledge and involved cohabitation. The chapter traces both the origin of the affair and Short’s ultimate decision to renounce Rosalie’s declarations of love by returning to the United States. The chapter discusses Short’s view of a prospective marriage and permanent residence in France in the context of his relationship with other members of the La Rochefoucauld family and his search for Jefferson’s approval. The chapter shows Rosalie extending a substantial loan to Short to induce him to stay and describes her view of the life they might have lived together.