A Mycochemical Investigation of the Black Lingzhi Mushroom, Amauroderma rugosum (Agaricomycetes), Reveals Several Lipidic Compounds with Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities
A mycochemical investigation on the medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rugosum led to the isolation of 30 compounds, including fourteen sterols, six phenolic constituents, five unsaturated fatty acids, and five other compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comparison of their NMR spectroscopic and MS data with literature data. Among them, compound 27 was obtained as a new natural compound, compounds 2-4, 7-13, and 15-30 were isolated from the Amauroderma genus for the first time. Sterols and unsaturated fatty acids showed anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in vitro. Compounds 5 and 6 showed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS induced murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 27.6 ± 2.1 μM and 15.3 ± 2.0 μM respectively. Compound 17 exhibited the strongest inhibition against HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values below 25.0 μM. This study not only enriches the understanding of the diversity of chemical constituents in A. rugosum, but also provides a basis for further development and utilization of A. rugosum as source of new potential antitumor or anti-inflammatory chemotherapy agent.