Flexible Hydrophobic CFP@PDA@AuNPs Stripes for Highly Sensitive SERS Detection of Methylene Blue Residue

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Abstract
Considering the inherent hydrophilic and porous nature of paper, the rapid absorption and diffusion of aqueous analyte solutions on paper-based SERS substrates may severely affect the Raman detection sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of target molecules. In this work, a series of hydrophobic CFP@PDA@AuNPs stripes were obtained through in situ synthesizing of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a polydopamine (PDA)-decorated cellulose filter paper (CFP) and functionalized with perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT). When the SERS performance of the substrates was examined using 4-ATP, the hydrophobic CFP@PDA@AuNPs substrate showed superior sensitivity, reproducibility and stability due to the hydrophobic enrichment effect, with the detection limit decreasing to 10−9 M and the enhancement factor as high as 2.55 × 107. More importantly, it was feasible to apply the hydrophobic paper substrate as an excellent SERS sensor to detect methylene blue (MB) residues in lake water in a highly sensitive manner. The lowest detectable limit of MB was 100 nM, and it showed a low relatively standard deviation (RSD) value of 5.28%. Hydrophobic CFP@PDA@AuNPs stripes may serve as excellent sensors for target molecule detection and have tremendous potential in food security, and environmental and chemical detection.

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