Influence of FDM-3D Printing Parameters on the Tensile Property and ILSS of CCF/PA and CF/PEEK Composites

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Abstract
The mechanical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites in FDM-3D printing are significantly influenced by process parameters. However, research in this area is constrained by printing equipment, control software, and material preparation. This study examines how the tensile and interlaminar shear properties of CCF/PA and CF/PEEK are affected by continuous-fiber nozzle temperature, platform temperature, and printing speed. Studies indicate that enhancing the nozzle temperature can notably improve mechanical properties by enhancing material flowability, ensuring consistent fiber encapsulation and reducing pore defects. Increasing the platform temperature initially boosts both tensile strength and ILSS, but, beyond a certain point, these properties decline. Inadequate platform temperature can result in uneven infiltration and diffusion among deposited CCF/PA paths, leading to void defects. Conversely, excessive platform temperature can cause semi-molten CCF/PA layers to be vulnerable to nozzle pressure and scraping, resulting in continuous-fiber debonding and interlayer tearing. Furthermore, lower printing speeds extend the melt wetting time between adjacent paths, promoting diffusion and adhesion for enhanced performance. Following an experimental investigation, the optimal parameters are identified as a nozzle temperature of 295 °C, a platform temperature of 240 °C, and a printing speed of 3 mm/s. This research provides valuable guidance for the practical production of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites using FDM-3D printing.
Funding Information
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2023QE200)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2023QE121)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M781313)
  • Qingdao Postdoctoral Program Foundation (QDBSH20250102190)
  • Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Scientific and Technological Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises of Shandong Province of China (2024TSGC0523)

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