Beneficial Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on IPEC-J2 Cells Exposed to the Combination of Deoxynivalenol and T-2 Toxin

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Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in feedstuffs is a worldwide problem that causes serious health issues both in humans and animals, and it contributes to serious economic losses. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) are major trichothecene mycotoxins and are known to challenge mainly intestinal barrier functions. Polyphenolic rosmarinic acid (RA) appeared to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of RA against DON and T-2 or combined mycotoxin-induced intestinal damage in nontumorigenic porcine cell line, IPEC-J2. It was ascertained that simultaneous treatment of DON and T-2 (DT2: ) for 48 h and 72 h reduced transepithelial electrical resistance of cell monolayer, which was restored by 50 μmol/L RA application. It was also found that DT2 for 48 h and 72 h could induce oxidative stress and elevate interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels significantly, which were alleviated by the administration of RA. DT2 administration contributed to the redistribution of claudin-1; however, occludin membranous localization was not altered by combined mycotoxin treatment. In conclusion, beneficial effect of RA was exerted on DT2-deteriorated cell monolayer integrity and on the perturbated redox status of IPEC-J2 cells.
Funding Information
  • European Union (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00012, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00024, 124522, 115685, ÚNKP-20-5)
  • Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00012, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00024, 124522, 115685, ÚNKP-20-5)
  • Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00012, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00024, 124522, 115685, ÚNKP-20-5)
  • National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00012, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00024, 124522, 115685, ÚNKP-20-5)

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