Visual Representations of Happiness in Portuguese Adolescents

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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Happiness is a main topic in psychological research, as a catalyst for transformative change, capable of inspiring growth and well-being. This study aims to identify and understand the themes that compose visual representations of happiness in adolescents, while using an innovative qualitative methodology centered on visual research. Methods: Applying the ‘draw-and-write’ technique, Portuguese adolescents were asked to ‘Draw happiness,’ generating a visual data set of 330 drawings, coined hSquares. Results: By order of prevalence, the thematic analysis identified eight key themes: ‘people,’ ‘hobbies,’ ‘love,’ ‘smile,’ ‘sports,’ ‘basic needs,’ ‘inner harmony,’ and ‘human rights and equality.’ The findings highlight the significance of social contexts, such as family and peer relationships, as central to adolescents' happiness, while also emphasizing the importance of self-selected activities. Visual representations associated with basic needs and human rights emerged as novel contributions to the literature. Differences emerged by age, with younger adolescents often depicting single themes, whereas older adolescents integrated multiple themes in their drawings. Conclusions: This study provides a visual complement to the rich textual conversation about happiness and demonstrates the potential of visual methodologies in psychological research.

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