Waves and ion kinetics across an interplanetary shock observed at two heliocentric longitudes

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Abstract
Not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown We investigate an interplanetary shock at two different heliocentric longitudes using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) spacecraft. We focus on the kinetic ion behavior to understand the wave environment around the shock at these distinct locations. Solar Orbiter observed the flank of the shock, while MMS crossed closer to its nose. The shock exhibited similar properties at both locations and comparable whistler precursors are observed by the two spacecraft. Despite these similarities, the ion behavior varied significantly between locations. At MMS, we observed magnetic fluctuations associated with protons gyrating as they crossed the ramp, reflected protons and alphas, and more intense ion-acoustic waves than at SolO. Notably, the ion-acoustic activity displayed a periodicity that corresponded with the low-frequency magnetic fluctuations. These findings indicate that solar wind parameters significantly influence the characteristics of interplanetary shocks.