Echinacoside Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Responses in PC12 Cells via Reducing ROS Production
Open Access
- 1 January 2015
- journal article
- retracted article
- Published by Wiley in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Vol. 2015, 1-9
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons at the substantia nigra. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory responses are involved in the mechanism of cell damage in PD. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a dopamine analog, specifically damages dopaminergic neurons. Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the stems ofCistanche salsa, showing a variety of neuroprotective effects in previous studies. The present study was to investigate its effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and possible mechanisms in PC12 cells. The results showed that 6-OHDA reduced cell viability, decreased oxidation-reduction activity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis compared with untreated PC12 cells. However, echinacoside treatment significantly attenuated these changes induced by 6-OHDA. In addition, echinacoside also could significantly alleviate the inflammatory responses induced by 6-OHDA. Further research showed that echinacoside could reduce 6-OHDA-induced ROS production in PC12 cells. These results suggest that the underlying mechanism of echinacoside against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity may be involve in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory responses by reducing ROS production.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473383, 2012ZX09103101-078, 2013ZX09103-001-008, 2013ZX09102106)
- National Science and Technology Major Project (81473383, 2012ZX09103101-078, 2013ZX09103-001-008, 2013ZX09102106)
- National Science and Technology Major Project (81473383, 2012ZX09103101-078, 2013ZX09103-001-008, 2013ZX09102106)
- National Science and Technology Major Project (81473383, 2012ZX09103101-078, 2013ZX09103-001-008, 2013ZX09102106)
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