Dissociation of the 〈001〉 Dislocations and Their Interactions with Dislocation Loops in Tetragonal BaTiO 3

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Abstract
Dislocations in pressureless‐sintered BaTiO 3 ceramics have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Subjected to effective sintering stresses, dislocations were generated and multiplied in plastically deformed BaTiO 3 crystals by the Frank–Read mechanism from both single‐ and double‐ended sources. This is represented by dislocations encompassing a series of square‐like borders that shared a common center. All border dislocations exhibited the characteristic scallop shape. True dislocation line directions ( u ) were determined by trace analysis and Burgers vectors ( b ) by contrast analysis for the dislocations dissociated from b =〈001〉 into two half‐partials following the type (I) reaction of by climb on {001}. Dislocation interactions between the main dislocations created from plastic deformation and dislocation loops of b =〈100〉 or 〈110〉 forming condensation of intrinsic Schottky vacancies were also found to obey the type (IV) reaction of , the type (V) reactions of . Migrating dislocations and loops interacting mutually in several stages, illustrated schematically, before arriving at the configuration described by types (IV) and (V) were observed and discussed.

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