How Safe Is Safe for Marine Toxins Monitoring?
Open Access
Abstract
Current regulation for marine toxins requires a monitoring method based on mass spectrometric analysis. This method is pre-targeted, hence after searching for pre-assigned masses, it identifies those compounds that were pre-defined with available calibrants. Therefore, the scope for detecting novel toxins which are not included in the monitoring protocol are very limited. In addition to this, there is a poor comprehension of the toxicity of some marine toxin groups. Also, the validity of the current approach is questioned by the lack of sufficient calibrants, and by the insufficient coverage by current legislation of the toxins reported to be present in shellfish. As an example, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin analogs, or cyclic imines are mentioned as indicators of gaps in the system that require a solid comprehension to assure consumers are protected.Keywords
Funding Information
- Xunta Galicia, Spain (GRC2013-016)
- CDTI, Spain (IDI-20130304, AGL2012-40185-CO2-01, AGL2014-58210-R)
- REA, EU (FP7/2007-2013) (312184 PHARMASEA)
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- Oral Toxicity of Okadaic Acid in Mice: Study of Lethality, Organ Damage, Distribution and Effects on Detoxifying Gene ExpressionToxins, 2013
- Is Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Responsible for the Toxic Effects of Okadaic Acid in Animals?Toxins, 2013
- Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Following Seizure Induction by Domoic AcidThe American Journal of Pathology, 2011
- Effect of Uncontrolled Factors in a Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Question Its Use As a Reference Method for Marine Toxins: Major Causes for ConcernAnalytical Chemistry, 2011
- First Toxin Profile of Ciguateric Fish in Madeira Arquipelago (Europe)Analytical Chemistry, 2010
- The methyl ester of okadaic acid is more potent than okadaic acid in disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and metabolism of primary cultured hepatocytesBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 2010
- The Continuing Saga of the Marine Polyether BiotoxinsAngewandte Chemie International Edition, 2008
- The toxin of diarrheic shellfish poisoning, okadaic acid, increases intestinal epithelial paracellular permeabilityGastroenterology, 1997
- Tautomycin from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillatusFEBS Letters, 1990
- Occurrence of a new type of shellfish poisoning in the Tohoku district.NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI, 1978