Veterinary Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perspectives on Differing Viewpoints Regarding Pain Management After a Role-Play Case Study on Piglet Castration

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Abstract
Case studies can be valuable tools in veterinary curricula to help students develop critical thinking skills. Little research has investigated how cases can affect student attitudes on complex animal welfare issues. The objectives were to determine if a role-play case on piglet castration would affect veterinary students’ (a) ability and confidence in recalling scientific concepts regarding identification and management of pain in animals; (b) attitudes toward pigs, animal pain, and pain management; and (c) self-reflection on different viewpoints on pain and pain management in animals. First-year veterinary students enrolled in a core animal welfare course participated in a 4-week piglet castration case that included group assignments and role-playing. Students completed pre- and post-case quizzes and surveys ( n = 128), as well as a written reflection after the case ( n = 133). The effects of the case were assessed using quantitative (paired t-tests and Cochran's Q tests for quiz and survey responses) and qualitative (thematic analysis of written reflections) analyses. Students scored 8.6% higher on their post-case quiz and had slightly more positive attitudes toward pigs and the practicality of providing pain management for pigs after the case. Qualitative analysis of the written reflections revealed four main themes, including student preconceptions about pain in animals, flexibility or resistance to change their views on pain management, challenges associated with navigating different perspectives, and key takeaways from the case. Results indicate that role-play cases may help veterinary students learn about, and reflect on, complex animal welfare issues such as pain management.

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