A Simple and Fast Protocol to Detect Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Mutation and Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3/ITD): Optimizing Laboratory Routine

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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. AML classification is currently based on cytogenetic and molecular alterations as well as immunophenotyping, although risk stratification still relies primarily on cytogenetic findings. However, approximately 45% of AML patients present with a normal karyotype, which makes accurate risk classification and treatment stratification more challenging. Therefore, the identification of molecular prognostic markers described in the literature has become essential in routine diagnostic laboratories, enabling the more precise categorization of patients into risk groups. In this study, we present a simple, rapid, step-by-step multiplex PCR protocol combined with capillary electrophoresis for the detection of two of the most prevalent molecular alterations in AML: nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITD). This protocol provides a practical workflow that can assist diagnostic laboratories in implementing and optimizing multiplex mutation detection in routine practice.
Funding Information
  • Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE 2022-0410)

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