Virus recovery rates for wild‐type and live‐attenuated vaccine strains of African horse sickness virus serotype 7 in orally infected South African Culicoides species

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Abstract.  Previously reported virus recovery rates from Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer and Culicoides (Avaritia) bolitinos Meiswinkel (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) orally infected with vaccine strain of African horse sickness virus serotype 7 (AHSV‐7) were compared with results obtained from concurrently conducted oral infections with five recent AHSV‐7 isolates from naturally infected horses from various localities in South Africa. Culicoides were fed sheep bloods spiked with 10 7.6 TCID 50 /mL of a live‐attenuated vaccine strain AHSV‐7, and with five field isolates in which virus titre in the bloodmeals ranged from 10 7.1 to 10 8.2 TCID 50 /mL). After an extrinsic incubation of 10 days at 23.5°C, virus recovery rates were significantly higher in C. imicola (13.3%) and C. bolitinos (4.2%) infected with the live‐attenuated virus than in midges infected with any of the field isolates. The virus recovery rates for the latter groups ranged from 0% to 9.5% for C. imicola and from 0% to 1.5% for C. bolitinos . The C. imicola population at Onderstepoort was significantly more susceptible to infection with AHSV‐7 isolated at Onderstepoort than to the virus strains isolated from other localities. Results of this study suggest that tissue culture attenuation of AHSV‐7 does not reduce its ability to orally infect competent Culicoides species and may even lead to enhanced replication in the vector. Furthermore, oral susceptibility in a midge population appears to vary for geographically distinct isolates of AHSV‐7.

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