Relativistic and Ultra‐Relativistic Electron Bursts in Earth's Magnetotail Observed by Low‐Altitude Satellites

Authors:
Open Access
Publisher website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Earth's magnetotail, a night‐side region characterized by stretched magnetic field lines and strong plasma currents, is the primary site for the release of magnetic field energy and its transformation into plasma heating and kinetic energy plus charged particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection. In this study, we demonstrate that the efficiency of this acceleration can be sufficiently high to produce populations of relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electrons, with energies up to several MeV, which exceeds all previous theoretical and simulation estimates. Using data from the low‐altitude ELFIN and CIRBE CubeSats, we show multiple events of relativistic electron bursts within the magnetotail, far poleward of the outer radiation belt. These bursts are characterized by power‐law energy spectra and can be detected during even moderate substorms.
Funding Information
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC19K0995, 80NSSC21K0583, 80NSSC22K1005, 80NSSC23K0108, 80NSSC24K0561, 80NSSC23K0413, 80NSSC24K0138, NAS5‐02099, 80NSSC23K0658)
  • National Science Foundation (2329897, AGS‐1242918, AGS‐2019950, 2400336)
  • Heliophysics Division
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research
  • California Wildlands Grassroots Fund
  • Massachusetts Medical Society

This publication has 54 references indexed in Scilit: