Flow resistance in concentrated overland flow on rough slope surfaces

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Abstract
Field experiments have been done on simulated flows over different rough pre‐rill and rill bed surfaces. The purpose of the experiments was to evaluate the hydraulic roughness properties of these bed surfaces. Conventional equations describing the relation of the resistance coefficient to the Reynolds number for flow in closed conduits or open channels can also be applied to shallow flows provided the boundary values of the Reynolds number, which discriminate between the various flow regimes, are adapted. When the Reynolds number is less than 100 the flow regime is laminar. Above this figure the flow is either transitional or turbulent, depending on the roughness of the bed surface. The degree of turbulence can be deduced from a morphological description of the pre‐rill and rill bed surface roughness.

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