Effects of working in vulnerable contexts on the mental health of primary healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study

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Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship and psychosocial issues between working during the COVID-19 pandemic in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities located in the most vulnerable health region (HR) of the Federal District of Brazil (FDB) compared with a lesser region. Design: Mixed-method study data. The questionnaire was based on the World Health Survey and the Convid Behavioural Survey. Quantitative data were described in absolute and relative frequency. Pearson’s χ 2 test verified differences according to the region (significance level <5%). A margin of error of 8% with 95% CI defined the sample. The content analysis (by Bardin) analysed the qualitative data. Setting: A representative sample of PHC professionals working at the Western HR and Central HR of the FDB. Participants: 111 women and 27 male PHC professionals, aged ≥ 18 years. Outcome measures: Psychosocial variables—personal emotions towards the clients, social relationships and use of psychoactive substances (PAS). Intervention: An online questionnaire (27 questions) and 1 open-ended question. Results: The sample comprised 138 PHC professionals; 80.40% were female aged between 40 and 49 years old (27.3%); declared themselves as black/pardo (58.7%); were married (53.60%), and worked in family healthcare teams (47.80%). No association between working in the most vulnerable HR compared with the least one and presenting psychosocial issues, except for anger towards clients (p=0.043). 55.10% worked much more than usual, 60.80% reported being depressed, 78.20% anxious, 76.80% stressed, 77.50% had no empathy and 78.30% felt isolated from family/friends. Towards the clients, 59.40% reported empathy and 72.5% no affection/care. The consume of psychotropic medications was reported by 34.80%, and 14.50% increased alcohol/PAS use. Qualitative data leverage quantitative findings: work overload, the indifference of the Federal Government and distance from family/friends. Conclusion: Working in the most vulnerable region and in the least one affects the psychosocial aspects of the PHC professionals equally.
Funding Information
  • University of Brasilia (23106.116857/2022-81)

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