Modeling Hydrology and Water Quality of a Watershed with a Virtual Meteorologic Station

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Abstract
The meteorologic station provides precipitation, air temperature, dew point, etc. for hydrology and water quality modeling in the watershed. However, the meteorologic stations are absent in some watersheds, which brings difficulty for the watershed modeling. In this study, the method of constructing the virtual meteorologic station in the watershed is developed. This can overcome the difficulty of the absence of meteorologic station and makes it possible for watershed modeling. The data from the precipitation stations inside the objective watershed and the weather stations close to the objective watershed are used to construct the virtual meteorologic station inside the objective watershed. The delineation tool in the better assessment science integrating point and nonpoint (BASINS) is used to delineate the objective watershed. The hydrological simulation program—FORTRAN (HSPF), incorporated in BASINS, is used to model the stream flows in the watershed. The National Elevation Data (NED) terrain dataset is used for watershed delineation. In this study it is found the modeled stream flows and water quality with the virtual meteorologic station in the watershed have reasonable agreements with the observations. The method of constructing the virtual meteorologic station developed in this study can be used for the modeling of hydrology and water quality in the watersheds where the meteorologic stations are absent.

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