Estimation of infectious dose and viral shedding rates for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post‐smolts

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Abstract
Infectious dose and shedding rates are important parameters to estimate in order to understand the transmission of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Bath challenge of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts was selected as the route of experimental infection as this mimics a major natural route of exposure to IPNV infection. Doses ranging from 102 to 10−4 50% end‐point tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) mL−1 sea water were used to estimate the minimum infectious dose for a Scottish isolate of IPNV. The minimum dose required to induce infection in Atlantic salmon post‐smolts was −1 TCID50 mL−1 by bath immersion (4 h at 10 °C). The peak shedding rate for IPNV following intraperitoneal challenge using post‐smolts was estimated to be 6.8 × 103 TCID50 h−1 kg−1 and occurred 11 days post‐challenge. This information may be incorporated into mathematical models to increase the understanding of the dispersal of IPNV from marine salmon sites.

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