Neurocognitive Development in Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder

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Abstract
Neurocognitive impairments, such as deficits in processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions, are core features of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder1-4 but with less pronounced impairments in bipolar disorder.5-7 Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder with neurocognitive impairments presenting years before the manifestation of overt clinical symptoms.8-12 Findings regarding neurocognitive functioning in the premorbid phase of bipolar disorder are less consistent. Some evidence indicates that there are impairments in executive functioning and visuospatial reasoning,13 but numerous studies show intact premorbid neurocognitive functioning.14,15 Investigating the developmental course of neurocognitive functions before illness onset may elucidate shared and illness-specific vulnerability markers.

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